Fish Oil Supplements: Benefits, Interactions, and What You Need to Know
An evidence-informed look at omega-3 benefits, potential medication interactions, dosage, and when to speak with a healthcare provider.
From the desk of Dr. Atousa Faraz, BSc (Hon), Naturopathic Doctor, Adelaide Health Clinic
When we think about improving our health, nutrition, and what we eat comes to mind. One nutrient group that has received considerable attention in the past few decades is omega-3 fatty acids. They are mainly found in oily fish and fish oil supplements, which are commonly used as a source of omega-3 fatty acids. These essential fats support normal brain function, cardiovascular health, and can reduce inflammation.
But are fish oil supplements right for everyone? Understanding their benefits, potential interactions, and precautions can help you make informed decisions.
What Are Fish Oil Supplements?
Fish oils contain two important omega-3 fatty acids: EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). They are found in fish such as salmon, sardines, trout, and mackerel. For people who do not regularly eat fish, supplements may be an alternative source.
What Are the Benefits of Fish Oil and Omega-3s?
Research suggests omega-3 fatty acids may offer several benefits:
Heart Health
Brain Health
Joint Health
Pregnancy and Fetal Development
Eating oily fish from clean water sources that are free from toxins and heavy metals, regularly as part of a balanced diet, is a good way to obtain omega-3 fatty acids.
Can Fish Oil Supplements Interact with Medications?
Although generally well tolerated, fish oils may require caution when combined with certain medications.
Blood thinners: People taking warfarin, other anticoagulants, or antiplatelet medications should consult their healthcare provider, particularly before using high doses of fish oil.
Blood pressure medications: Omega-3s may modestly lower blood pressure, which can be relevant for people taking antihypertensive drugs.
Always inform your healthcare provider or pharmacist about the supplements you take.
Fish Oil, Heart Failure, and Atrial Fibrillation
Heart failure is not an absolute contraindication to fish oil. People with heart failure, however, should seek medical advice before starting supplementation, as fish oil is not a substitute for standard heart failure treatment.
High-dose omega-3 supplements have also been associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, an abnormal heart rhythm, in some clinical trials. People with a history of atrial fibrillation or other significant heart conditions should discuss the risks and benefits with their healthcare provider.
People with fish allergies, bleeding disorders, or complex medication regimens should also seek professional advice before supplementing.
How Much Fish Oil Should You Take?
There is no single dose suitable for everyone. For general health, dietary guidance commonly recommends around two servings of fish per week, including oily fish.
When choosing a supplement, check the actual amounts of EPA and DHA rather than the total fish oil content. Higher doses used to treat elevated triglycerides should be medically supervised. Cod liver oil also requires caution because it can contain high levels of vitamins A and D.
A Whole-Person Approach to Health
As a naturopathic doctor, I take a whole-person approach to health, considering nutrition, lifestyle, and individual needs when discussing supplements. Fish oils may be beneficial for some people, but supplementation should be guided by the available evidence, medical history, and potential interactions.
The Key Takeaway
Fish oils can be a valuable source of omega-3 fatty acids, but more is not always better. Choosing the right product and dose, while considering your health conditions and medications, is important and necessary.
To discuss and explore whether fish oil supplementation may be appropriate for you, book an appointment with me by clicking on the following link:
Book an appointment with Dr. Faraz
About the Author
Dr. Atousa Faraz, BSc (Hon), ND has nearly two decades of experience supporting patients with a wide range of health concerns. She combines evidence-informed care with a holistic approach to promote long-term health and well-being.
Disclaimer
This article is for general educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Consult with your healthcare provider before starting supplements, particularly if you have a heart condition or take prescription medications.
References
National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/
American Heart Association. Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia. https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/omega-3-fatty-acids-for-the-management-of-hypertriglyceridemia/top-things-to-know
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Omega-3s for Heart Health? Exploring Potential Benefits and Risks. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/2024/omega-3s-heart-health-exploring-potential-benefits-and-risks